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Aban ibn Sa'id ibn al-As (Arabic: أبان بن سعيد بن العاص, romanized: Abān ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ), was one of the scribes companions of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ, who was appointed as a ruler of Bahrain in place of Al-Ala al-Hadhrami.
Biography
Before entering Islam
Aban's father's name is Abu Uhayha Sa'id Ibn al-As and his mother's name is Hind bint Mughira. The fifth male in the upper part of his family went to Abd Mannaf and met Muhammad's dynasty. His father Sa'id was a respected person of Quraysh. Sa'id had several worthy sons. Among them, Khalid and Amr converted to Islam and migrated to Abyssinia in the early days of Islam. He died in Taif as a non-Muslim in the 2nd or 3rd year of Hijri and was buried there. Aban remained a pagan with his other two brothers, Ubaidah and al-As. He was in great pain when his two brothers converted to Islam. He expressed his pain in a poem written by him. One of his verses is as follows:
Alas! If the dead of Zariba had seen Amr and Khalid's lies about Din!
Aban, along with his two other brothers, continued to oppose Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ and the Muslims. He left Makkah with Ubayda and al-As to fight Muslims in the Battle of Badr. Ubayda and al-As were slain by Muslims. Aban somehow returned to Makkah with his life.
In the beginning, Aban was a Quraysh figure who was very zealous in antagonizing the Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ and the Muslims during his stay in Makkah. The reason he converted to Islam was his meeting with one of the monks/priests when he went to trade in the area of Sham before the Hudaibiyah Agreement (6th year of Hijrah) who revealed to him all the characteristics and qualities of the Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ of the end of time that Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ had in himself, finally, he acknowledged his prophethood and converted to Islam at that moment, then the monk said: convey my greetings to that pious person (Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ).
He was a Quraysh figure who protected Saiyidina Uthman bin 'Affanرضي الله عنه. when sent by the Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ to Makkah just before the event of Hudaibiyah, he gave Ustman a ride on his horse until he arrived safely in the city of Makkah while saying: walk in this city as you like with a sense of security.
Ibn Hisham mentions an incident related to Aban's pre-Islam life: In the pre-Islamic era, Muhammad married some of his daughters to the Quraish youth of Makkah. When Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ conflict with the Quraish started, the Quraish leaders appealed to Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ to divorce his daughters from their sons-in-law. Muhammad's daughter Ruqayyah was the wife of Utbah ibn Abi Lahab. The Quraish said to Utbah: You divorce Muhammad's daughter. He agreed on the condition that she would divorce Ruqayyah if they could marry him, the daughter of Aban ibn Sa'id, or the daughter of Sa'id ibn al-As. They accepted Utbah's demand and married Sa'id ibn al-As's daughter and overtook Ruqayyah from him.
On the eve of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ sent Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه with his message to the Quraish in Makkah. Then Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه was heading towards Makkah with the 'Baldah' valley. The Quraish asked him: Where to go? Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه told them what Prophet Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ had told him. At that time, Aban ibn Sa'id came forward from among the Quraish and welcomed Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه. He had a close relationship with Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه beforehand. Aban prepared his horse lifted Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه on his back and took charge of his safety. Then Aban brought Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه to Makkah.
When Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه came to Aban's house, Aban said to him: Why is this the condition of your clothes? Uthman's shirt was up to the middle of his knees Aban adds: Why don't you make your clothes as long as the people of Qaum? Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه said: Our prophet wears a shirt like this. Aban says: You repent the Kaaba. Sayidina Uthman Ibn Affan رضي الله عنه said: We cannot do it until our Prophet does it. We just follow in his footsteps.
Coming towards Islam
Although Aban had long been hostile to the Prophet of Islam and Islam, he did not refrain from searching for the truth at this time. At that time, he used to ask wise people about Muhammad's prophecy. In those days, al-Sham or Syria was the center of wise and experienced people. Aban had a trip there for business. Once he spoke to a Christian by the name of 'Raheeb': 'I am the son of the Quraish tribe of Hijaz. A man from this tribe claims to be the nominee of Allah. He said God has sent me as a prophet like Jesus and Moses.' Raheeb asked the man's name. Aban said: The man's name is Muhammad. Rahib explained the age, lineage, etc. of the prophet's debut, as described in the Islamic holy books. Hearing his statement, Aban said: All of these exist in that man. Then Raheeb said: 'By Allah, then he will spread all over the world after he dominates the whole of Arabia. When you go back, you will convey my greetings to this righteous servant of Allah.' This Rahib or priest of Sham is called 'Yakka'. This time, when Aban returned from Sham, he had no previous form. The power of opposition to Islam and Muslims is gone.
Aban remained completely silent for a few days, thinking about the religion of his father and his peers and his condemnation and ridicule. But he could not suppress the passion for truth that had arisen in him for a long time. Meanwhile, his brothers Amr and Khalid returned from Habas and contacted Aban. Then he converted to Islam before the Battle of Khaybar and migrated to Madinah. The three brothers together participated in the Khaybar expedition with Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ.
According to another description, when Aban reached Madinah, he made an emir of a small force of Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ and sent him to the Najd. When he returned to Medina after succeeding in this campaign, Khaybar's victory was over. At that time, Abu Hurayrah came to Madinah along with other muhajirs of Habas.
The two of them approached Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ together.
Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ gave them some parts of the goods of the People's Republic of Khaybar. Apart from the Najd campaign, he received the leadership of some other small expeditions from Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ.
Aban participated in the Ta'if expedition with Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ. Abu Bakr saw the tomb of Aban's father in Taif and said: God's curse to the inhabitants of this tomb, he was opposed to Allah and the Messenger. Aban and his brother, Amr, immediately protested at Abu Bakr's words and condemned his father Abu Quhafa. Then Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ said: Don't abuse the dead. The living are hurt when they abuse the dead.
Aban bin Sa'id participated in the Battle of Badr on the side of the infidel Quraish because he had not converted to Islam at that time, in that battle two of his brothers named al-'Ash and 'Ubaidah were killed while still infidels, and he was the only one still alive, to then return to Makkah.Aban bin Sa'id (Arabic: أبان بن سعيد), his full name is Aban bin Sa'id bin al-'Ash bin Umayyah bin Abdi Shams al-Umawiy. His nickname (kunyah) is Abu Walid and is recorded as one of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. His father Sa'id bin al-'Ash was a prominent figure among the Quraysh community and had intelligent children such as Khalid and 'Amr, both converted to Islam first and joined in the migration to Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) during the persecution against the Muslims in Makkah become more and more, then settled there.
After the demised of Muhammad
Muhammad Rasulullahﷺ appointed Aban as a ruler of Bahrain in place of Al-Ala al-Hadhrami. He performed this duty until Muhammad's death. Hearing the news of Muhammad's death, he returned to Madinah.
After Muhammad's death, Saiyidina Abu Bakr As Siddiqueرضي الله عنه was elected caliph. Aban is one of the few Quraish people who have refrained from the Bay'ah for a few days even after the mass marriage is over in his hands. When Banu Hashim's people take Bay'ah, his objections are removed and he makes a statement. Abu Bakr did not remove any ruler or employee appointed by Muhammad. Aban was also a ruler appointed by Muhammad. Saiyidina Abu Bakr As Siddiqueرضي الله عنه requested Aban to return to his charge. But Aban refused the caliph's request. According to some descriptions, the Aban finally took over as ruler of Yaman at repeated requests.
Ibn Saad explains: When Aban refused the caliph's request, one day Umar said to Aban: He should not have left the workplace without the permission of the imam or the leader. Now he refuses to go back there at his behest. Aban said: By Allah! I will not work for anyone else after the Messenger of Allah. If I had done so, I would have been Abu Bakr's 'hope' or employee because of his dignity, his advance in Islam, etc. Abu Bakr consulted the companions on who else could be sent to Bahrain. Uthman said: Since Al-Ala al-Hadhrami was there before him, he should be sent there. Omar also said: Let Aban go there again. But Abu Bakr refused to do so. He said: Can I force anyone who says that I will not do any more work after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Then Al-Ala al-Hadhrami was appointed as the ruler of Bahrain.
His Death
When his two brothers (Khalid and Amr) returned from Abyssinia, they sent each other letters, until finally Aban was invited to face the Prophet Muhammad while declaring his Islam, this happened before the Khaibar event. He was recorded as an obedient Muslim, he was once sent by the Prophet Muhammad in a team to the Najed region and returned to Medina after the end of the Khaibar War.
Aban is also recorded to have been a guardian in the Bahrain area after the leadership of al-'Ala bin al-Hadhrami who was revealed by the Messenger of Allah and then appointed as a guardian in the Yemen area during the caliphate of Abu Bakar as-Siddiq.
He participated in the liberation of the region in the era of Abu Bakar and died as a martyr during the battle in the Ajnadin district in the 12th year of the Hijrah, a few moments before the news of Abu Bakar's death came in Medina. There is also an opinion that says that he died in the battle of Yarmuk (16 H). There are differences among sirat experts about the duration of Aban's death. According to Musa ibn ʿUqba and most genetic experts, he died at the end of Abu Bakr's caliphate in the battle of Ajnadayn on Hijri 13 (that's 634 CE). According to Ibn Ishaq, he died in the Yarmuk War and even according to some others on the day of Marj al-Saffar. Another description reveals that he died on 27 of Hijri during the caliphate of Uthman and under his supervision Zayd ibn Thabit compiled the Ottoman's manuscript. But there is ample reason to think that the first opinion is correct.
Sources References:
Al-Baladhuri; Ansab al-Ashraf; p. 532
Ibn Abd al-Barr; Al-Isti'āb; vol. 1, p. 35
Ali ibn al-Athir; Usa al-Gabah; Vol. 1, p.
35–37
al-Asqalani; Al-Isabah; vol. 1, p. 13
Al-Baladhuri; Ansab al-Ashraf; vol. 1, p. 142
Ibn Hisham; Sirat Ibn Hisham; p. 625
Hayatus Sahaba; vol. 1, p. 156
Hayatus Sahaba; vol. 2, pp. 358–59
Ibn Hisham; Sirat Ibn Hisham; vol. 2 p. 315
Al-Baladhuri; Ansab al-Ashraf; vol. 1, p. 142,
368
Hayatus Sahaba; vol. 2, p. 59
^ Ibn Qani' al-Baghdadi. Mu'jam as-Sahabah volume II. Beirut: Dar el-Fikr. p. 577.
^ Ma'rifat as-Sahabah li Abi Nu'aim volume II. p. 386.
^ Al-Qurthubiy. Al-Isti'ab fi Ma'rifat al-Ashab. p. 62.
^ Tahdzib Tarikh Ibnu 'Asakir volume II. p. 127.
