He
was one of the first eight persons to accept Islam. He was one of the
ten persons (al-asharatu-l mubashshirin) who were assured of entering
Paradise. He was one of the six persons chosen by Umar to form the
council of shura to choose the Khalifah after his death. His
name in Jahiliyyah days was Abu Amr. But when he accepted Islam the
noble Prophet called him Abdur-Rahman – the servant of the
Beneficent God.
Abdur-Rahman
bin Auf RA became a Muslim before the Prophet SAW entered the house
of al-Arqam. In fact it is said that he accepted Islam only two days
after Abu Bakr as-Siddiq did so.Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA did not
escape the punishment which the early Muslims suffered at the hands
of the Quraish. He bore this punishment with steadfastness as they
did. He remained firm as they did. And when they were compelled to
leave Makkah for Abyssinia because of the continuous and unbearable
persecution, Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA also went.
He
returned to Makkah when it was rumored that conditions for the
Muslims had improved but, when these rumors proved to be false, he
left again for Abyssinia on a second hijrah. From Makkah once again
he made the hijrah to Madinah. Soon after arriving in Madinah, the
Prophet SAW in his unique manner began pairing off the Muhajirin and
the Ansar. This established a firm bond of brotherhood and was meant
to strengthen social cohesion and ease the destitution of the
Muhajirin. Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA was linked by the Prophet with Sad
ibn ar-Rabi’ah RA. Sad RA in the spirit of generosity and
magnanimity with which the Ansar greeted the Muhajirin, said to
Abdur-Rahman:
“My
brother! Among the people of Madinah I have the most wealth. I have
two orchards and I have two wives. See which of the two orchards you
like and I shall vacate it for you and which of my two wives is
pleasing to you and I will divorce her for you.”
Abdur-Rahman
bin Auf RA must have been embarrassed and said in reply: “May God
bless you in your family and your wealth. But just show me where the
suq is..”
Abdur-Rahman
bin Auf RA went to the market-place and began trading with whatever
little resources he had. He bought and sold and his profits grew
rapidly. Soon he was sufficiently well off and was able to get
married. He went to the noble Prophet SAW with the scent of perfume
lingering over him.
“Mahyam,
O Abdur-Rahman!” exclaimed the Prophet – “mahyam” being a
word of Yemeni origin which indicates pleasant surprise.
“I
have got married,” replied Abdur-Rahman. “And what did you give
your wife as mahr?” “The weight of a nuwat in gold.”
“You
must have a walimah (wedding feast) even if it is with a single
sheep. And may Allah bless you in your wealth,” said the Prophet
with obvious pleasure and encouragement.
Thereafter
Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA grew so accustomed to business success that
he said if he lifted a stone he expected to find gold or silver under
it! Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA distinguished himself in both the battles
of Badr and Uhud. At Uhud he remained firm throughout and suffered
more than twenty wounds some of them deep and severe. Even so, his
physical jihad was matched by his jihad with his wealth.
Once the
Prophet SAW was preparing to despatch an expeditionary force. He
summoned his companions and said:
“Contribute
sadaqah for I want to despatch an expedition.” Abdur-Rahman went to
his house and quickly returned. “O Messenger of God,” he said, “I
have four thousand (dinars). I give two thousand as a qard to my Lord
and two thousand I leave for my family.”
When
the Prophet SAW decided to send an expedition to distant Tabuk –
this was the last ghazwah of his life that he mounted – his need
for finance and material was not greater than his need for men for
the Byzantine forces were a numerous and well-equipped foe. That year
in Madinah was one of drought and hardship. The journey to Tabuk was
long, more that a thousand kilometers. Provisions were in short
supply. Transport was at a premium so much so that a group of Muslims
came to the Prophet SAW pleading to go with him but he had to turn
them away because he could find no transport for them.
These
men were sad and dejected and came to be known as the Bakka’in or
the Weepers and the army itself was called the Army of Hardship
(‘Usrah). Thereupon the Prophet called upon his companions to give
generously for the war effort in the path of God and assured them
they would be rewarded. The Muslims’ response to the Prophet’s
SAW call was immediate and generous. In the fore front of those who
responded was Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf RA. He donated two hundred
awqiyyah of gold whereupon Umar ibn al-Khattab RA said to the Prophet
RA:
“I
have (now) seen Abdur-Rahman committing a wrong. He has not left
anything for his family.”
“Have
you left anything for your family, Abdur-Rahman?” asked the Prophet
SAW.
“Yes,”
replied Abdur-Rahman. “I have left for them more than what I give
and better.” “How much?” enquired the Prophet SAW.
“What
God and His Messenger have promised of sustenance, goodness and
reward,” replied Abdur-Rahman.
The
Muslim army eventually left for Tabuk. There Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA
was blessed with an honor which was not conferred on anyone till
then. The time of Salat came and the Prophet SAW, peace be on him,
was not there at the time. The Muslims chose Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA
as their imam. The first rakat of the Salat was almost completed when
the Prophet SAW, may God bless him and grant him peace, joined the
worshippers and performed the Salat behind Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf RA.
Could there be a greater honor conferred on anyone than to have been
the imam of the most honored of God’s creation, the imam of the
Prophets, the imam of Muhammad, the Messenger of God!
When
the Prophet SAW, peace be on him, passed away, Abdur-Rahman bin Auf
RA took on the responsibility of looking after the needs of his
family, the Ummahaat al-Muminin. He would go with them wherever they
wanted to and he even performed Hajj with them to ensure that all
their needs were met. This is a sign of the trust and confidence
which he enjoyed on the part of the Prophet’s SAW family.
Abdur-Rahman’s
bin Auf RA support for the Muslims and the Prophet’s SAW wives in
particular was well-known. Once he sold a piece of land for forty
thousand dinars and he distributed the entire amount among the Banu
Zahrah (the relatives of the Prophet’s SAW mother Aminah), the poor
among the Muslims and the Prophet’s wives. When Aishah RA, may God
be pleased with her, received some of this money she asked:
“Who
has sent this money?” and was told it was Abdur-Rahman, whereupon
she said:
“The
Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: No one
will feel compassion towards you after I die except the sabirin
(those who are patient and resolute).”
The
prayer of the noble Prophet SAW that Allah should bestow barakah on
the wealth of Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA appeared to be with
Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA throughout his life. He became the richest
man among the companions of the Prophet SAW. His business
transactions invariably met with success and his wealth continued to
grow. His trading caravans to and from Madinah grew larger and larger
bringing to the people of Madinah wheat, flour, butter, cloths,
utensils, perfume and whatever else was needed and exporting whatever
surplus produce they had.
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One
day, a loud rumbling sound was heard coming from beyond the
boundaries of Madinah normally a calm and peaceful city. The rumbling
sound gradually increased in volume. In addition, clouds of dust and
sand were stirred up and blown in the wind. The people of Madinah
soon realized that a mighty caravan was entering the city. They stood
in amazement as seven hundred camels laden with goods moved into the
city and crowded the streets. There was much shouting and excitement
as people called to one another to come out and witness the sight and
see what goods and sustenance the camel caravan had brought.
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| Abdul Rahman bin Auf RA - The Honest Merchant |
Aishah
RA shook her head and gazed in the distance as if she was trying to
recall some scene or utterance of the past and then she said:
“I
have heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him
peace, say: I have seen Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf RA entering Paradise
creeping.”
Why
creeping? Why should he not enter Paradise leaping and at a quick
pace with the early companions of the Prophet SAW?
Some
friends of his related to Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA the hadith which
Aishah RA had mentioned. He remembered that he had heard the hadith
more than once from the Prophet SAW and he hurried to the house of
Aishah RA and said to her: “Yaa Ammah! Have you heard that from the
Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace?” “Yes,”
she replied.
“You
have reminded me of a hadith which I have never forgotten,” he is
also reported to have said. He was so over-joyed and added:
“If
I could I would certainly like to enter Paradise standing. I swear to
you, yaa Ammah, that this entire caravan with all its merchandise, I
will giver sabilillah.”
And
so he did. In a great festival of charity and righteousness, he
distributed all that the massive caravan had brought to the people of
Madinah and surrounding areas. This is just one incident which showed
what type of man Abdur-Rahman bin Auf RA was. He earned much wealth
but he never remained attached to it for its own sake and he did not
allow it to corrupt him.
Abdur-Rahman’s
bin Auf RA generosity did not stop there. He continued giving with
both his hands, secretly and openly. Some of the figures mentioned
are truly astounding: forty thousand dirhams of silver, forty
thousand dinars of gold, two hundred awqiyyah of gold, five hundred
horses to mujahidin setting out in the path of God and one thousand
five hundred camels to another group of mujahidin, four hundred
dinars of gold to the survivors of Badr and a large legacy to the
Ummahaat al Muminin and the catalogue goes on. On account of this
fabulous generosity, Aishah RA said:
| V |
“Musab ibn Umayr has been killed. He was better than me. We did not find anything of his to shroud him with except what covered his head but left his legs uncovered. . Then God endowed us with the (bounties of) the world… I really fear that our reward has been bestowed on us early (in this world).” He began to cry and sob and could not eat.
May Abdur-Rahman ibn Auf RA be granted felicity among “those who spend their substance in the cause of God and follow up not their gifts with reminders of their generosity or with injury. For them their reward is with their Lord, on them shall be no fear nor shall they grieve”. (The Quran, Surah al-Baqarah, 2: 262).
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