Abū
Salamah ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Asad (Arabic: أَبُو سَلَمَة عَبْد ٱلله ٱبْن عَبْد ٱلْأَسَد)
was one of the sahabah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He
was also a cousin and a suckling-brother of
Biography.
Abū Salamah رضي الله عنه was one of the early companions of Rasulullahﷺ. He was born to Barrah bint Abdul Muttalib and ʿAbd al-Asad, thus making him the first cousin of Muḥammad; as Barrah was the full sister of Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib. He was married to Umm Salamah رضي الله عنه, and they were among the first ten people who converted to Islam. They had four children: Salama, ʿUmar, Zaynab, and Durrah.
Abu Salamah was a believer who accepted Islam and migrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and also to Madinah for protecting the divine ideals of Islam. The Verse of Purification (33:33) in the Noble Qur'an was revealed to the Rasulullahﷺ in his house. Abu Salamah رضي الله عنه was married to Umm Salamah رضي الله عنه . She was famous among her relatives and friends for her kindness, affection, and loyalty. The scholars have called her the great, the learned, and the visionary lady who had helped in different situations to solve various problems.
Abu Salamah ibn Abdul-Asad رضي الله عنه was obliged to migrate to Abyssinia because of the extreme oppression of the polytheists. And it was there that their daughter, Salamah was born and after her, their son, Omar was born. Omar was wise and reflective. Since he was brought up under his mother's supervision, even in his youth he participated in all the battles along with Sayyidina Ali Ibn Abu Talib رضي الله عنه and before that he had been the Governor of Bahrain.
Abū Salama رضي الله عنه was also involved in the migration towards Ethiopia but later came back under the protection of his uncle Abu Talib bin Abdul Muttalib.
This learned Muslim had a clear-sighted vision that led to the uprooting of wrong traditions and tribal customs. Once when Umm Salamah رضي الله عنه wanted her and her husband to make a pact that upon the death of either of them the other would not remarry.
However, Abū Salamah رضي الله عنه died from a wound he sustained during the Battle of Uhud that reopened after he had led the Expedition of Qatan. Military campaigns during Muhammad's epoch.
He also participated in the Expedition of Qatan in which Rasulullahﷺ ordered to attack the Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe after receiving intelligence that they were allegedly plotting to attack Madinah. 3 people were captured by Muslims during the expedition
The Expedition of Qatan, was the first Raid on the Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe, which occurred directly after the Battle of Hamra al-Asad in the year 4 A.H of the Islamic calendar. The expedition was ordered by Rasulullahﷺ after he received intelligence that some members of the Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah were planning to attack Madinah.
After Abu Salamah ibn Abdul-Asad's رضي الله عنه death, Rasulullahﷺ went to their house for offering his condolences to her and for soothing her pain and sorrow. He said: "O Allah! Please soothe her grief, compensate her suffering, and grant her a better substitute than her late husband. Umm Salamah رضي الله عنه was so distinguished in qualities of beauty, and the perfection of morals and because of that so many well-known personalities who were socially famous and wealthy asked to marry her. One can refer to Sayyidina Abu Bakr As Siddiqueرضي الله عنه, the first caliph and Sayyidina Omar Al Khattab رضي الله عنه, the second caliph among them. But she accepted to marry Rasulullahﷺ with a little dowry since she was a person of insight, reflection and also learned.
Background
1.
Qatan
Qatan is a location in Arabia. The Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah tribe (not to be confused with the Banu Asad tribe), were the residents of Qatan, in the vicinity of Fayd, they were a powerful tribe connected with the Quraysh. They resided near the hill of Qatan in Najd. Rasulullahﷺ, purportedly, received intelligence reports that they were planning a raid on Medina so he attacked them in the Expedition of Qatan. He dispatched a force of 150 men under the leadership of Abu Salamah `Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Asad رضي الله عنه to make a sudden attack on this tribe. On the first day of Muharram.
Banu Asad ibn Khuzaymah tribe (not to be confused with the Banu Asad tribe), were the residents of Katan, in the vicinity of Fayd, was a powerful tribe connected with the Quraysh. They resided near the hill of Qatan in Najd. Rasulullahﷺ purportedly received intelligence reports that they were planning a raid on Madinah. So he dispatched a force of 150 men under the leadership of Abu Salamah `Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Asad رضي الله عنه to make a sudden attack on this tribe. On the first day of Muharram.
Raid
When the Muslims arrived at the site
the tribe members fled and the Muslims found three herdsmen with a large herd of
camels and goats. Then the booty, along with the three captives, was brought to
Madinah.
As per Islamic rule on plunder, all the movable booty must be taken out
and removed from the site of plunder. It is unlawful, according to Islamic
rule, not to take possession of infidel wealth after successful plunder.
On the rule on Ghanimah, (plunder), the Dictionary of Islam writes,
"If the Imam, or the leader of the Muslim army, conquers a country by
force of arms, he is at liberty to leave the land in possession of the original
proprietors, provided they pay tribute, or he may divide it amongst the
Muslims; but with regard to movable property, it is unlawful for him to leave
it in possession of the infidels, but he must bring it away with the army and
divide it amongst the soldiers". For
this reason, the goats were taken back to Madinah (as they are movable objects).
Abu Salamah رضي الله عنه had inflammation from a previous wound, and he died.
The 2nd raid of the Banu Asad tribe
took place almost 3 years later.
References / sources
Biographical
literature
This event is mentioned in Ibn Sa’d's biography of Muhammad. The
Muslim jurist Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya also
mentions the event in his biography of Muhammad, Zad al-Ma'adModern
secondary sources which mention this, include the award winning book,Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar)
Hadith literature
Sahih Muslim, 19:4330, Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:627, Sahih Muslim, 19:4331 and Sahih Muslim, 19:4332 all
mention that Muhammad sent some Muslims on a Military expedition to Nejd. This
is where the raid took place.[1]
References
1.
↑ Jump
up to:1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet ,
p. 349.
2.
↑ Jump
up to:2.0 2.1 2.2 Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic).
Islamic Book Trust.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic,
English translation available here
3.
↑ Muhammad, seal of the prophets, By Muhammad
Zafrulla Khan, p. 153
4.
↑ Jump
up to:4.0 4.1 Ibn Sa’d, vol.ii, p. 150
5.
↑ Hughes, dictionary of Islam, p. 459
6.
↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet ,
p. 383.
7.
↑ "A platoon led by ‘Ukasha bin
Al-Mihsan was despatched ", Witness-Pioneer.com
8.
↑ Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya, Za'd al Ma'd, p. 2/108.
9.
↑ Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum - The Sealed
Nectar. Dar-us-Salam Publications
Notes
·
Mubarakpuri,
Saifur Rahman Al (2005). "The sealed nectar: biography of
the Noble Prophet". Darussalam Publications. ISBN 978-9960-899-55-8.
