كَانَتْ جُوَيْرِيَةُ اسْمُهَا بَرَّةُ. فَحَوَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْمَهَا جُوَيْرِيَةَ. وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُقَالَ: خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدَ بَرَّةَ.
Meaning: "Indeed, this Juwairiyah's original name is Barrah. Then Rasulullah SAW changed his name to Juwairiyah. This is because His Majesty does not like when it is said, His Majesty came out of the side of Barrah (goodness)."
Riwayat Muslim (2140)
As it is already known that Juwairiyah was originally a prisoner of war in the war of al-Muraisi' or also known as the war of Bani al-Mustaliq which took place in the year 5 Hijrah or 6 Hijrah according to some opinions. Juwairiyah R. Anha before being captured was the wife of Musafi' bin Safwan al-Mustaliqi. Musafi' was killed in the battle of al-Muraisi'. During his captivity, he was under the captivity of Thabit bin Qais bin Syammas or his cousin. Then, he made mukatabah with his master in exchange for freeing himself.
Juwairiyah R. Anha is a beautiful woman. Aisyah said: "Juwairiyah is a sweet-faced and beautiful person, so much so that almost no one sees her but falls in love." Aishah also said: "He came to see the Messenger of God SAW asking for help to help him fulfill the agreement." Aisyah said: "By God, after I saw him in front of the house, I felt disgusted. I know that His Majesty will feel what I think. He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I am Juwairiyah bint al-Harith bin Abu Dhirar, who is the leader of his people. I have befallen a matter (accident) that you yourself know. I was a prisoner of Thabit bin Qais or his cousin, then I made a mukatabah agreement with him in exchange for freeing myself.
So, I have come here to ask for your help (to fulfill the agreement).' His Majesty SAW said to him: 'Do you want something more than that?' He asked: What is it, O Messenger of Allah?' His Majesty SAW replied: 'I will fulfill your agreement and I will marry you.' He replied: 'Agreed.' He said: 'I will do it.' After that, the news spread to the public that the Prophet SAW had married Juwairiyah bint al-Harith. The people said: 'These captives have a family relationship with the Prophet SAW.' Therefore, they freed all the captives among the Bani al-Mustaliq that they had." Aisyah said: "I don't know a woman whose blessings are greater towards her people than her (Juwairiyah)."
Imam al-Zahabi mentioned that his father, al-Harith, came to meet the Prophet SAW, then embraced Islam. There is a narration from Juwairiyah, she said: "The Messenger of God SAW married me when I was 20 years old." Similarly, there is a narration from al-Sya'bi, he said: "The Messenger of God freed Juwairiyah, then married her, and her dowry was freeing all the slaves (captives) from among the Bani al-Mustaliq."
In addition, he also narrated a hadith. According to Imam al-Zahabi, the total number of hadiths narrated from the Juwairiyah line is as many as seven hadiths. Of these, Imam al-Bukhari narrated one hadith, while Imam Muslim narrated two hadiths. Among those who narrated hadiths from him are Ibn Abbas, 'Ubaid bin al-Sabbaq, Kuraib, Mujahid, Abu Ayyub Yahya bin Malik al-Azdi and many others.
The hadith from the line found in sahih al-Bukhari is from Abu Ayyub, from Juwairiyah bint al-Harith R. Anha that:
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا يَوْمَ الجُمُعَةِ وَهِيَ صَائِمَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «أَصُمْتِ أَمْسِ؟»، قَالَتْ: لاَ، قَالَ: «تُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَصُومِي غَدًا؟» قَالَتْ: لاَ، قَالَ: «فَأَفْطِرِي» وَقَالَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ الجَعْدِ: سَمِعَ قَتَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أَيُّوبَ أَنَّ جُوَيْرِيَةَ حَدَّثَتْهُ: فَأَمَرَهَا فَأَفْطَرَتْ
Meaning: "The Prophet saw him on Friday and he was fasting. The Prophet SAW asked: 'Did you fast last night?' Juwairiyah replied: 'No.' He asked again: 'Do you want to fast tomorrow?' He replied: 'No.' He said: 'Break your fast.'" Hammad bin al-Ja 'd heard Qatadah say (that) he heard Qatadah (say): "Abu Ayyub conveyed to me that Juwairiyah conveyed to him: 'The Prophet ordered him (to break his fast), so he broke his fast.'"
Riwayat al-Bukhari (1986)
While among the hadiths from the line found in Sahih Muslim is from Ibn Shihab that 'Ubaid bin al-Sabbaq said: Verily Juwairiyah - the wife of the Prophet SAW - informed him that:
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: هَلْ مِنْ طَعَامٍ؟ قَالَتْ: لَا. وَاللَّهِ! يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! مَا عِنْدَنَا طَعَامٌ إِلَّا عَظْمٌ مِنْ شَاةٍ أُعْطِيَتْهُ مَوْلَاتِي مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ. فَقَالَ: قريبة. فَقَدْ بَلَغَتْ مَحِلَّهَا.
Meaning: "(One day) the Messenger of God SAW went in to see him and said: 'Is there any food?' He replied: 'No, by God, O Messenger of God, we have no food except the bones of the goat that were donated to my maula.' He said: ' Bring it here, hasn't the alms already served its purpose.'"
Riwayat Muslim (1073)
Apart from that, Juwairiyah R. Anha also worshiped and prayed to Allah SWT a lot. This can be seen through narration from Ibn Abbas, from Juwairiyah that:
أنَّ النَّبيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ مِن عِندِهَا بُكْرَةً حِينَ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ وَهي في مَسْجِدِهَا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَضْحَى وَهي جَالِسَةٌ، فَقالَ: ما زِلْتِ علَى الحَالِ الَّتي فَارَقْتُكِ عَلَيْهَا؟ قالَتْ: نَعَمْ، قالَ النَّبيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وَسَلَّمَ: لقَدْ قُلتُ بَعْدَكِ أَرْبَعَ كَلِمَاتٍ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، لو وُزِنَتْ بما قُلْتِ مُنْذُ اليَومِ لَوَزَنَتْهُنَّ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ، عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ، وَرِضَا نَفْسِهِ، وَزِنَةَ عَرْشِهِ، وَمِدَادَ كَلِمَاتِهِ.
Meaning: "The Prophet SAW once came out from his side one morning when he finished the morning prayer, while he was still in his place of prostration (i.e. his prayer). Then the Prophet SAW returned after Dhuha time and at that time he was still sitting (in his place earlier). His Majesty said: 'Are you still sitting in that place since I left you?' He replied: 'Yes.' since this morning today, he must have equaled his weight, which is, 'سبْحَانَ اللهِ وَبِحَمْدِِ, عَدَ خَلْقِهِ, وَرِضَا نَفْسِهِ, وَزِنَةَ عَرْشِهِ, وَمِدَادَ كَلِمَاتِهِ' (Glory be to God and I praise Him as much as His creation, self-satisfaction -His weight the weight of His throne and as much as the ink of His words).'"
Riwayat Muslim (2726)
Ummul Mukminin Juwairiyah R. Anha died in the year 50 Hijrah. However, there is an opinion stating that he died in the month of Rabiul Awwal in the year 56 Hijrah. This is al-Waqidi's opinion. His remains were prayed by Marwan. It is said that he lived for 65 years.
(Lihat al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, 8/72-73; Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, 2/261).
Lihat al-Isti‘ab fi Ma‘rifah al-Ashab, 4/1804-1805; al-Sunan al-Kubra oleh al-Baihaqi, no. 18128; al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, 8/74).
(Lihat Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, 2/261-263)
(Lihat Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, 2/263; al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, 8/74).
