 |
| (Illustration Only- Companion of Rasulullah) |
Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه was a companion of Rasulullahﷺ. Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه participated in the Expedition with a group of companions. Abdullah ibn 'Atiq رضي الله عنه successfully assassinated Sallam ibn Abu al-Huqayq, and he led a group of men from the Banu Khazraj tribe.
Abu Rafi's assassination at the hands of Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه is mentioned in many Sunni Hadith.
The spread of the light of Islam worried the Jews along with the
polytheists of Madinah. In particular, the Jews of Bani of Nadr could not
accept the prophethood of Rasulullahﷺ. They nurtured hatred, jealousy, and
enmity against Rasulullahﷺ. They wanted to put him into a difficult
situation by sending their scholars to him. However, the Quran silenced them.
The most ferocious one among the Jews of Bani Nadr and the one
who nurtured enmity against Rasulullahﷺ and the most was Sallam bin Abi
Huqayq. He often disturbed Rasulullahﷺ, threatened the Muslims, and
attempted to kill Rasulullahﷺ by instigating the people around Rasulullahﷺ against him.
The Companions of Rasulullahﷺ could not bear his persecution
and threats anymore. Once, they were talking to one another. They listed the
enemies of Rasulullahﷺ. Sallam bin Abi Huqayq was among them. He was
the most ferocious one. It was necessary to kill him. For, he was trying to
kill Rasulullahﷺ. They talked to Rasulullahﷺ regarding
the issue and asked permission from him. Rasulullahﷺ gave them permission.
This fierce enemy was killed by Abdullah bin Atiq رضي الله عنه. Abdullah bin Atiq رضي الله عنه, who was one of the heroes of the Companions, belonged to the tribe of Khazraj. Once, he went to Khaybar, the castle and city of the Jews, with four Companions. Their aim was to kill the enemy of Rasulullahﷺ. They were five people: Abdullah bin Anisرضي الله عنه, Abu Qatadaرضي الله عنه, Aswad bin Khuzayرضي الله عنه, Mas'ud bin Sinanرضي الله عنه and Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه himself.
They entered Khaybar at night. They locked all of the houses in
the area where Sallam bin Abi Huqayq was from outside. The house where Sallam
stayed was in a high place. It was possible to go there only by the stairs.
They went up and knocked on the door. When Sallam’s wife asked them who they
were, they said, "We are a group of Arabs, we want to see the
landlord." They entered the house. They started to fight Sallam and killed
him. They did not do anything to his wife and children.
Abdullah bin Atik fell down the stairs when he left Sallam’s
house because he could not see very well. His ankle was twisted. His friends
carried him on their shoulders, took him outside the city, and hid him.
However, they were not sure if Sallam was really dead. He might
have been wounded. One of them returned. He entered the crowd that had
gathered. She heard Sallam's wife say, "He died." He returned
with joy and gave his friends the good news.
When Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه entered the presence of Rasulullahﷺ, he complimented Abdullah. He spread his blessed hand on
Abdullah’s twisted ankle. Abdullah’s leg healed as if it had not been twisted
at all.
Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه was among the 150 people under the command of Sayidina Ali Ibn Abu Talib رضي الله عنه that Rasulullahﷺ sent in the 9th year of the Migration to the tribe of Tayy so that they would break their idols.
Rasulullahﷺ assigned him the duty to provide weapons and equipment for the soldiers.
His heroism in the Battle of Yamamah is famous. This battle happened during the time of Sayidina Abu Bakr As Siddiqueرضي الله عنه. Musaylimah, the fake prophet, started to disturb the Muslims. An army under the command of Sayidina Khalid bin Walid رضي الله عنه. was sent against him. For, he encouraged the apostate movement and disturbed the Muslims. It was necessary for Muslims to be saved from him. There were fierce clashes between the army of Khalid bin Walid and the army of Musaylimah.
Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه fought heroically in this battle. He did not leave his sword though he was wounded severely and blood gushed forth from his body. Eventually, he became a martyr.
Thus, this great companion, who spent his life in the service of Islam, attained the rank of martyrdom, which he had desired very much, in 12 H.
Another version of the legendary Companions of Rasulullahﷺ
Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atiq
The Expedition of Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه took place in March, AD 627
Sallam ibn Abu al-Huqayq (Abu Rafi) was a Jew, who aided and abetted the pagan
enemies of the Muslims by provisioning and financing them, and denigrating Rasulullahﷺ with his poetry (hija'). When the Muslims had settled their affair with
Banu Quraiza's betrayal of the Muslims in Madinah, the Al-Khazraj tribe, a rival
of Al-Aws, asked for Rasulullahﷺ's permission to kill him in order to merit a
virtue equal to that of Al-Aws who had killed Ka'b
ibn al-Ashraf.
According to the Sealed Nectar, a group of 5 men from the Banu Khazraj tribe with ‘Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه at their head, headed for Khaybar where ‘Abu Rafi’s fort was situated. When they approached the fortress, Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه advised his men to stay a little behind, then went ahead disguised in his cloak, as if he had been relieving himself. When the people of the fort went in, the gatekeeper called him to enter thinking he was one of them. ‘Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه went in and lurked inside. Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه then began to unbolt the doors leading to Salam’s room.
There it was absolutely dark but Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه managed to put him to the sword, and then leave in safety. On his way back, his leg broke so he wrapped it up in a band and hid in a secret place until morning when someone stood on the wall and announced the death of Salam bin Abi Al-Huqaiq officially. On hearing this news he left and went to see Rasulullahﷺ, who listened to the whole story, and then asked ‘Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه to stretch his leg, which he wiped and the fracture healed on the spot according to Muslim scholar Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri.
Yet, In another version, all five of the group participated in killing that enemy of Islam. This incident took place in Dhul Qa‘dah or Dhul Hijjah in the year five Hijri.
The mission of five people was
sent, 'Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه who was familiar with the language of the Banu Nadir, addressed Al-Huqaiq's wife, who
came to open the door, entering on a false pretext. They also mention that
according to one account, he pretended he brought a present for her husband.
When his wife saw they were armed, she began to scream and they started to aim
their weapons at her, forcing her to be silent "at the peril of her
life". They then rushed in and killed Al-Huqaiq (Abu Rafi).
Hadith about the action of Abdullah ibn Atiq رضي الله عنه
Sahih al-Bukhari » Military Expeditions led by the Prophet
(pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi) - كتاب المغازى » Hadith 4039
(16)
Chapter: The
killing of Ab Rafi’ ‘Abdullah bin Abi Al-Huqaiq
(16)
باب قَتْلُ أَبِي
رَافِعٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ
حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ، قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلَى أَبِي رَافِعٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ رِجَالاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ، فَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَتِيكٍ، وَكَانَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ يُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَيُعِينُ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ فِي حِصْنٍ لَهُ بِأَرْضِ الْحِجَازِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَرَاحَ النَّاسُ بِسَرْحِهِمْ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لأَصْحَابِهِ اجْلِسُوا مَكَانَكُمْ، فَإِنِّي مُنْطَلِقٌ، وَمُتَلَطِّفٌ لِلْبَوَّابِ، لَعَلِّي أَنْ أَدْخُلَ. فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى دَنَا مِنَ الْبَابِ ثُمَّ تَقَنَّعَ بِثَوْبِهِ كَأَنَّهُ يَقْضِي حَاجَةً، وَقَدْ دَخَلَ النَّاسُ، فَهَتَفَ بِهِ الْبَوَّابُ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَدْخُلَ فَادْخُلْ، فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُغْلِقَ الْبَابَ. فَدَخَلْتُ فَكَمَنْتُ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ النَّاسُ أَغْلَقَ الْبَابَ، ثُمَّ عَلَّقَ الأَغَالِيقَ عَلَى وَتَدٍ قَالَ فَقُمْتُ إِلَى الأَقَالِيدِ، فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَفَتَحْتُ الْبَابَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ يُسْمَرُ عِنْدَهُ، وَكَانَ فِي عَلاَلِيَّ لَهُ، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ أَهْلُ سَمَرِهِ صَعِدْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَجَعَلْتُ كُلَّمَا فَتَحْتُ بَابًا أَغْلَقْتُ عَلَىَّ مِنْ دَاخِلٍ، قُلْتُ إِنِ الْقَوْمُ نَذِرُوا بِي لَمْ يَخْلُصُوا إِلَىَّ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَهُ. فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ فِي بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ وَسْطَ عِيَالِهِ، لاَ أَدْرِي أَيْنَ هُوَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَا رَافِعٍ. قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا فَأَهْوَيْتُ نَحْوَ الصَّوْتِ، فَأَضْرِبُهُ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّيْفِ، وَأَنَا دَهِشٌ فَمَا أَغْنَيْتُ شَيْئًا، وَصَاحَ فَخَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، فَأَمْكُثُ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا الصَّوْتُ يَا أَبَا رَافِعٍ. فَقَالَ لأُمِّكَ الْوَيْلُ، إِنَّ رَجُلاً فِي الْبَيْتِ ضَرَبَنِي قَبْلُ بِالسَّيْفِ، قَالَ فَأَضْرِبُهُ ضَرْبَةً أَثْخَنَتْهُ وَلَمْ أَقْتُلْهُ، ثُمَّ وَضَعْتُ ظُبَةَ السَّيْفِ فِي بَطْنِهِ حَتَّى أَخَذَ فِي ظَهْرِهِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أَنِّي قَتَلْتُهُ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَفْتَحُ الأَبْوَابَ بَابًا بَابًا حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى دَرَجَةٍ لَهُ، فَوَضَعْتُ رِجْلِي وَأَنَا أُرَى أَنِّي قَدِ انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ فَوَقَعْتُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُقْمِرَةٍ، فَانْكَسَرَتْ سَاقِي، فَعَصَبْتُهَا بِعِمَامَةٍ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى جَلَسْتُ عَلَى الْبَابِ فَقُلْتُ لاَ أَخْرُجُ اللَّيْلَةَ حَتَّى أَعْلَمَ أَقَتَلْتُهُ فَلَمَّا صَاحَ الدِّيكُ قَامَ النَّاعِي عَلَى السُّورِ فَقَالَ أَنْعَى أَبَا رَافِعٍ تَاجِرَ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ. فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِي فَقُلْتُ النَّجَاءَ، فَقَدْ قَتَلَ اللَّهُ أَبَا رَافِعٍ. فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَقَالَ " ابْسُطْ رِجْلَكَ ". فَبَسَطْتُ رِجْلِي، فَمَسَحَهَا، فَكَأَنَّهَا لَمْ أَشْتَكِهَا قَطُّ.
Narrated Al-Bara bin Azib:
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent some men from the Ansar to ((kill) Abu Rafi`, the Jew, and appointed `Abdullah bin Atik as their leader. Abu Rafi` used to hurt Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and help his enemies against him. He lived in his castle in the land of Hijaz. When those men approached (the castle) after the sun had set and the people had brought back their livestock to their homes. `Abdullah (bin Atik) said to his companions, "Sit down at your places. I am going, and I will try to play a trick on the gate-keeper so that I may enter (the castle)." So `Abdullah proceeded towards the castle, and when he approached the gate, he covered himself with his clothes, pretending to answer the call of nature.
The people had gone in, and the gate-keeper (considered `Abdullah as one of the castle's servants) addressing him saying, "O Allah's Servant! Enter if you wish, for I want to close the gate." `Abdullah added in his story, "So I went in (the castle) and hid myself. When the people got inside, the gate-keeper closed the gate and hung the keys on a fixed wooden peg. I got up and took the keys and opened the gate. Some people were staying late at night with Abu Rafi` for a pleasant night chat in a room of his. When his companions of nightly entertainment went away, I ascended to him, and whenever I opened a door, I closed it from inside. I said to myself, 'Should these people discover my presence, they will not be able to catch me till I have killed him.' So I reached him and found him sleeping in a dark house amidst his family, I could not recognize his location in the house. So I shouted, 'O Abu Rafi`!' Abu Rafi` said, 'Who is it?'
I proceeded toward the source of the voice and hit him with the sword, and because of my perplexity, I could not kill him. He cried loudly, and I came out of the house and waited for a while, and then went to him again and said, 'What is this voice, O Abu Rafi`?' He said, 'Woe to your mother! A man in my house has hit me with a sword! I again hit him severely but I did not kill him. Then I drove the point of the sword into his belly (and pressed it through) till it touched his back, and I realized that I have killed him. I then opened the doors one by one till I reached the staircase, and thinking that I had reached the ground, I stepped out and fell down and got my leg broken in a moonlit night. I tied my leg with a turban and proceeded on till I sat at the gate, and said, 'I will not go out tonight till I know that I have killed him.'
So, when (early in the morning) the cock crowed, the announcer of
the casualty stood on the wall saying, 'I announce the death of Abu Rafi`, the
merchant of Hijaz. Thereupon I went to my companions and said, 'Let us save
ourselves, for Allah has killed Abu Rafi`,' So I (along with my companions
proceeded and) went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and described the whole story to him.
"He said, 'Stretch out your (broken) leg. I stretched it out and he rubbed
it and it became All right as if I had never had any ailment whatsoever."
|
Reference |
: Sahih al-Bukhari 4039 |
|
In-book reference |
: Book 64, Hadith 86 |
|
USC-MSA web (English) reference |
: Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 371 |
Credit/References:
1. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar (Free version), p. 204.
2. ^ Jump up to:a Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press,
p. 100, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
3. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March
2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography:
places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 177. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.
4. http://^ Muir, The life of Mahomet and
history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14.
5. ^ Hawarey, Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of
Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Note:
Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation is available here
6. http://http://http://^ Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1. (free online)
7. ^ Ibn Hajr Asqalani, Fath
Al-Bari, p. 7/343.
8. ^ Safi ur Rahman Al
Mubarakpuri, When The Moon Split, p. 196.
9. ^ Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of
the Hegira, Volume 4,
Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 14–15.
___________________________________
[1]Tabaqat, 2: 91
[2]Usdul-Ghaba, 3: 214.
[3]al-Isaba fi Marifatis-Sahaba, 2: 341.
